diff --git a/app.py b/app.py
index 6f6ff6f..ba4d2e0 100644
--- a/app.py
+++ b/app.py
@@ -1,41 +1,42 @@
 import os
-import sqlite3
 import smtplib
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
-from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for, flash
+from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for, flash, session
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash
+from database import init_db, get_all_emails, get_admin, create_default_admin
 
 load_dotenv()
 app = Flask(__name__)
-
+# Use a secret key from .env; ensure your .env sets SECRET_KEY
 app.secret_key = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY')
 
-DATABASE_URL = os.getenv('DATABASE_URL')
+# SMTP settings (for sending update emails)
 SMTP_SERVER = os.getenv('SMTP_SERVER')
 SMTP_PORT = int(os.getenv("SMTP_PORT", 465))
 SMTP_USER = os.getenv('SMTP_USER')
 SMTP_PASSWORD = os.getenv('SMTP_PASSWORD')
 
-def get_all_emails():
-    """Retrieve all subscriber emails from the database"""
-    try:
-        conn = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_URL)
-        cursor = conn.cursor()
-        cursor.execute('SELECT email FROM subscribers')
-        results = cursor.fetchall()
-        conn.close()
-        return [row[0] for row in results]
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error: {e}")
-        return []
+# Initialize the database and create default admin user if necessary.
+init_db()
+create_default_admin()
 
-def send_update_email(subject, body):
-    """Send an update email"""
+def login_required(f):
+    from functools import wraps
+    @wraps(f)
+    def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):
+        if "username" not in session:
+            return redirect(url_for('login'))
+        return f(*args, **kwargs)
+    return decorated_function
+
+def process_send_update_email(subject, body):
+    """Helper function to send an update email to all subscribers."""
     subscribers = get_all_emails()
     if not subscribers:
-        return "No subscribers found"
+        return "No subscribers found."
     try:
-        server = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_SERVER, SMTP_PORT, timeout=10)
+        server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(SMTP_SERVER, SMTP_PORT, timeout=10)
         server.set_debuglevel(True)
         server.login(SMTP_USER, SMTP_PASSWORD)
         for email in subscribers:
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ def send_update_email(subject, body):
             msg['From'] = SMTP_USER
             msg['To'] = email
             server.sendmail(SMTP_USER, email, msg.as_string())
-            print(f"Updated email for {email} has been sent.")
+            print(f"Update email sent to: {email}")
         server.quit()
         return "Email has been sent."
     except Exception as e:
@@ -52,21 +53,46 @@ def send_update_email(subject, body):
         return f"Failed to send email: {e}"
 
 @app.route('/')
+@login_required
 def index():
     """Displays all subscriber emails"""
     emails = get_all_emails()
     return render_template("admin_index.html", emails=emails)
 
-@app.route('/send_update_email', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
-def send_update_email():
-    """Display a form to send an update email"""
+@app.route('/send_update', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
+@login_required
+def send_update():
+    """Display a form to send an update email; process submission on POST."""
     if request.method == 'POST':
         subject = request.form['subject']
         body = request.form['body']
-        result_message = send_update_email(subject, body)
+        # Call the helper function using its new name.
+        result_message = process_send_update_email(subject, body)
         flash(result_message)
-        return redirect(url_for("send_update_email"))
+        return redirect(url_for("send_update"))
     return render_template("send_update.html")
 
+@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
+def login():
+    if request.method == 'POST':
+        username = request.form.get('username')
+        password = request.form.get('password')
+        admin = get_admin(username)
+        # Expect get_admin() to return a tuple like (username, password_hash)
+        if admin and check_password_hash(admin[1], password):
+            session['username'] = username
+            flash("Logged in successfully", "success")
+            return redirect(url_for("index"))
+        else:
+            flash("Invalid username or password", "danger")
+            return redirect(url_for("login"))
+    return render_template("login.html")
+
+@app.route('/logout')
+def logout():
+    session.pop('username', None)
+    flash("Logged out successfully", "success")
+    return redirect(url_for("login"))
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    app.run(port=5001, debug=True)
+    app.run(port=5000, debug=True)
diff --git a/database.py b/database.py
index 686e9f9..eb88691 100644
--- a/database.py
+++ b/database.py
@@ -1,65 +1,123 @@
-import sqlite3
 import os
+import psycopg2
+from psycopg2 import IntegrityError
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
-from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
-
+from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash
 load_dotenv()
-DATABASE_URL = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL")
+
+def get_connection():
+    """Return a new connection to the PostgreSQL database."""
+    return psycopg2.connect(
+        host=os.getenv("PG_HOST"),
+        port=os.getenv("PG_PORT"),
+        dbname=os.getenv("PG_DATABASE"),
+        user=os.getenv("PG_USER"),
+        password=os.getenv("PG_PASSWORD"),
+        connect_timeout=10
+    )
 
 def init_db():
-    with sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_URL, timeout=10) as conn:
-        cursor = conn.cursor()
-        cursor.execute("""
+    """Initialize the database tables."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    cursor = conn.cursor()
+    # Create subscribers table (if not exists)
+    cursor.execute("""
         CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS subscribers (
-            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-            email TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL)
-            """)
-
-        cursor.execute("""
-            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS admin_users (
-                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-                username TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
-                password TEXT NOT NULL
-            )
-        """)
-        conn.commit()
+            id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+            email TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL
+        )
+    """)
+    # Create admin_users table (if not exists)
+    cursor.execute("""
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS admin_users (
+            id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+            username TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+            password TEXT NOT NULL
+        )
+    """)
+    conn.commit()
+    cursor.close()
+    conn.close()
 
 def get_all_emails():
+    """Return a list of all subscriber emails."""
     try:
-        with sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_URL, timeout=10) as conn:
-            cursor = conn.cursor()
-            cursor.execute("SELECT email FROM subscribers")
-            results = cursor.fetchall()
+        conn = get_connection()
+        cursor = conn.cursor()
+        cursor.execute("SELECT email FROM subscribers")
+        results = cursor.fetchall()
+        cursor.close()
+        conn.close()
         return [row[0] for row in results]
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error: {e}")
+        print(f"Error retrieving emails: {e}")
         return []
 
-def get_admin(username):
+def add_email(email):
+    """Insert an email into the subscribers table."""
     try:
-        with sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_URL, timeout=10) as conn:
-            cursor = conn.cursor()
-            cursor.execute("SELECT username FROM admin_users WHERE username=?", (username,))
-            results = cursor.fetchone()
+        conn = get_connection()
+        cursor = conn.cursor()
+        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO subscribers (email) VALUES (%s)", (email,))
+        conn.commit()
+        cursor.close()
+        conn.close()
+        return True
+    except IntegrityError:
+        return False
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error: {e}")
+        print(f"Error adding email: {e}")
+        return False
+
+def remove_email(email):
+    """Remove an email from the subscribers table."""
+    try:
+        conn = get_connection()
+        cursor = conn.cursor()
+        cursor.execute("DELETE FROM subscribers WHERE email = %s", (email,))
+        conn.commit()
+        rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        cursor.close()
+        conn.close()
+        return rowcount > 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error removing email: {e}")
+        return False
+
+def get_admin(username):
+    """Retrieve admin credentials for a given username.
+       Returns a tuple (username, password_hash) if found, otherwise None.
+    """
+    try:
+        conn = get_connection()
+        cursor = conn.cursor()
+        cursor.execute("SELECT username, password FROM admin_users WHERE username = %s", (username,))
+        result = cursor.fetchone()
+        cursor.close()
+        conn.close()
+        return result  # (username, password_hash)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error retrieving admin: {e}")
         return None
 
 def create_default_admin():
-    default_username = os.getenv("DEFAULT_ADMIN_USERNAME")
-    default_password = os.getenv("DEFAULT_ADMIN_PASSWORD")
-    hashed = generate_password_hash(default_password, method='sha256')
-
+    """Create a default admin user if one doesn't already exist."""
+    default_username = os.getenv("ADMIN_USERNAME", "admin")
+    default_password = os.getenv("ADMIN_PASSWORD", "changeme")
+    hashed = generate_password_hash(default_password, method="pbkdf2:sha256")
     try:
-        with sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_URL, timeout=10) as conn:
-            cursor = conn.cursor()
-            cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM admin_users WHERE username = ?", (default_username,))
-            if cursor.fetchone() is not None:
-                cursor.execute("INSERT INTO admin_users (username, password) VALUES (?, ?)",
-                               (default_username, hashed))
-                conn.commit()
-                print("Admin user created successfully")
-            else:
-                print("Admin user creation failed")
+        conn = get_connection()
+        cursor = conn.cursor()
+        # Check if the admin already exists
+        cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM admin_users WHERE username = %s", (default_username,))
+        if cursor.fetchone() is None:
+            cursor.execute("INSERT INTO admin_users (username, password) VALUES (%s, %s)",
+                           (default_username, hashed))
+            conn.commit()
+            print("Default admin created successfully")
+        else:
+            print("Default admin already exists")
+        cursor.close()
+        conn.close()
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error: {e}")
\ No newline at end of file
+        print(f"Error creating default admin: {e}")
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 5a4a2b9..536c5d0 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 flask
-python-dotenv
\ No newline at end of file
+python-dotenv
+Werkzeug
+psycopg2-binary
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/templates/admin_index.html b/templates/admin_index.html
index dec1e2d..a03b4e3 100644
--- a/templates/admin_index.html
+++ b/templates/admin_index.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1>Subscribers</h1>
-  <p><a href="{{ url_for('send_update_email') }}">Send Update Email</a></p>
+  <p><a href="{{ url_for('send_update') }}">Send Update Email</a></p>
   {% if emails %}
     <table>
       <tr>
diff --git a/templates/login.html b/templates/login.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d110448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/login.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+  <title>Admin Login</title>
+  <style>
+    body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 20px; }
+    form { max-width: 400px; margin: 0 auto; }
+    label { display: block; margin-top: 15px; }
+    input[type="text"], input[type="password"] { width: 100%; padding: 8px; }
+    button { margin-top: 15px; padding: 10px 20px; }
+    .flash { background-color: #f8d7da; color: #721c24; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1>Admin Login</h1>
+  {% with messages = get_flashed_messages(with_categories=true) %}
+    {% if messages %}
+      {% for category, message in messages %}
+        <div class="flash">{{ message }}</div>
+      {% endfor %}
+    {% endif %}
+  {% endwith %}
+  <form action="{{ url_for('login') }}" method="POST">
+    <label for="username">Username:</label>
+    <input type="text" name="username" required />
+    <label for="password">Password:</label>
+    <input type="password" name="password" required />
+    <button type="submit">Login</button>
+  </form>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/templates/send_update.html b/templates/send_update.html
index 3373ba1..a6d24b6 100644
--- a/templates/send_update.html
+++ b/templates/send_update.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
-  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
   <title>Admin Center - Send Update</title>
   <style>
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@
     label { display: block; margin-top: 15px; }
     input[type="text"], textarea { width: 100%; padding: 8px; }
     button { margin-top: 15px; padding: 10px 20px; }
-    .flash { background-color: #f8d7da; color: #721c24; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
+    .flash {
+      background-color: #f8d7da;
+      color: #721c24;
+      padding: 10px;
+      margin-bottom: 10px;
+    }
   </style>
 </head>
 <body>
@@ -23,7 +28,7 @@
     {% endif %}
   {% endwith %}
 
-  <form action="{{ url_for('send_update_email') }}" method="POST">
+  <form action="{{ url_for('send_update') }}" method="POST">
     <label for="subject">Subject:</label>
     <input type="text" name="subject" required>
 
@@ -32,6 +37,9 @@
 
     <button type="submit">Send Update</button>
   </form>
-  <p><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Back to Subscribers List</a></p>
+  <p>
+    <a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Back to Subscribers List</a> |
+    <a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Logout</a>
+  </p>
 </body>
 </html>